• In most cases the ligand affinity

  2019-11-04

  

  In most cases, the ligand affinity between subtypes is similar, but their tissue distribution is different. In the case of the estrogen receptors (ER), two subtypes (ERα and ERβ) exist (Kuiper et al., 1996) and ERβ has several isoforms, designated ERβ1–5 (Moore et al., 1998) or ERβcx (Ogawa et al.,

• br Conflict of Interest br Statement of

  2019-11-04

  

  Conflict of Interest Statement of Authorship Introduction Plant endopeptidases are involved in many important biological processes. Recent developments in molecular biological techniques have revealed trace amounts of endopeptidases play essential roles in plant development, turnover of pho

• Three kinase inhibitors dasatinib type

  2019-11-04

  

  Three kinase inhibitors dasatinib (type I), imatinib (type II) and nilotinib (type II), identified initially as inhibitors of tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL, were found to target DDRs in a chemical proteomic profiling study (Bantscheff et al., 2007, Hantschel et al., 2008). These tyrosine kinase inhibitors

• In all available E E

  2019-11-04

  

  In all available E2:E3 structures, the RING-type domain binds the E2 on a surface that is remote from the active site Cys (and therefore from the ubiquitin thioester) (Fig. 2). The non-contiguous E3-binding and active sites on the E2 imply that the role played by a RING to facilitate ubiquitin trans

• Subgroup analysis showed that patients with

  2019-11-04

  

  Subgroup analysis showed that patients with relatively lower CrCl levels (>50–80 mL/min) were more likely to initiate treatment on a lower dose (17% for all DPP-4 inhibitors; 22% excluding linagliptin). Nevertheless, even in patients with higher CrCl value (>80–120 mL/min and >120 mL/min), at least

• br Introduction Biocatalysis can be used

  2019-11-04

  

  Introduction Biocatalysis can be used to synthesize chiral building blocks, such as monomers for polymer materials, and precursors for pharmaceuticals [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. Enzymes are very suitable for catalyzing reactions with high enantioselectivity to obtain chiral products. For instance, alc

• The co occurrence of the AA and the AA

  2019-11-04

  

  The co-occurrence of the AA12 and the AA8 domains in CcPDH would allow for electron transfer between these domains. Such electron transfer is known to occur in CDH, and the AA8 family in CAZy is in fact largely comprised of cytochrome domains of multi-domain CDHs. One notable exception concerns the

• Introduction Tumor necrosis factor TNF is

  2019-11-04

  

  Introduction Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pro-inflammatory mediator with the capacity to induce apoptosis (Benderska et al., 2012). Recent reports have shown that TNF might trigger cell death, at least in part, by directly affecting the reorganization of the Dequalinium Chloride mg cytoskeleton

• Mild cognitive impairment MCI is

  2019-11-04

  

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer disease (AD) [1]. Approximate 15–30% MCI patients convert to AD annually. Although many efforts have been taken to prevent the conversion from MCI to AD [2], [3], there are few biomarkers to predict

• By live imaging of GUL GFP we observed the kinetics

  2019-11-04

  

  By live imaging of GUL-1-GFP, we observed the kinetics of aggregate movement within the cell. One of the marked characteristics of GUL-1-GFP cytosolic (but not nuclear-associated) aggregate motion was a “comet-like” movement that was found to be dependent on the presence of properly polymerized micr

• br Methods br Results br Discussion Literature showed

  2019-11-04

  

  Methods Results Discussion Literature showed SN was well studied for its antigastric ulcer, antiinflammatory, antihyperglycemic, and antihyperlipidemic properties. Although a recent publication reported that SN was found to exert its regulatory effect in animal cholesterol levels, the exact

• The underlying mechanisms of how progesterone prolongs pregn

  2019-11-04

  

  The underlying mechanisms of how progesterone prolongs pregnancy, although not completely understood, are thought to have to do with reduction in uterine contractility, antimicrobial protein up-regulation, immunosuppression, and inflammatory inhibition. Specific to preterm PROM, progesterone has bee

• br Materials and methods br

  2019-11-04

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Enolase (2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase) is a glycolytic enzyme that is also involved with various important roles in the intracellular and extracellular space (Copley, 2003; S. Zhang et al., 2015) such as transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, grow

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br Acknow

  2019-11-04

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments We acknowledge Géraldine Le Goff and Mathieu Canales for blood sampling, Cécile Gameiro and Jean-Pierre Aubry for flow cytometry technical assistance, Giuseppe Pantaleo for support, and Britta Engelhardt, Gisella Puga-Young, Nicol

• br Multi subunit RINGs There are RING type E s

  2019-11-04

  

  Multi-subunit RINGs There are RING-type E3s that exist as multi-subunit assemblies (see Fig. 3B). A striking example is the Cullin RING Ligase (CRL) superfamily [35], which exhibits enormous plasticity in substrate specificity. Each CRL subfamily is characterized by a cullin protein (Cul-1, 2, 3,

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