• NOS is classified into three isoforms endothelial

  2024-09-19

  

  NOS is classified into three isoforms: endothelial (eNOS), neuronal (nNOS), and inducible (iNOS), iNOS is expressed in macrophages (Eisenstein, Huang, Meissler Jr, & al-Ramadi, 1994) and osteoblast-like cells (Riancho et al., 1995) and is involved in the regulation of inflammatory reactions (Eisenst

• The accumulation of oxidized low density lipoprotein

  2024-09-19

  

  The accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is one of the many causes of the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis (Virmani et al., 2002; Pirillo et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2016; Tabas, 2010). oxLDL-induced apoptosis of macrophages contributes to the forma

• br Drugs with documented pro

  2024-09-19

  

  Drugs with documented pro-apoptotic effects on platelets More than 200 drugs are reported to cause thrombocytopenia [5,42]. The concept of platelet apoptosis is relatively new and was only recently evaluated in the context of drug-induced thrombocytopenia [43]. Table 2 lists the drugs presently k

• Apelin is involved in various physiological functions includ

  2024-09-19

  

  Apelin is involved in various physiological functions, including Capecitabine sale contraction (Ashley et al., 2005), vasodilatation (Jia et al., 2007), feeding control (Valle et al., 2008), and metabolic homeostasis (Higuchi et al., 2007, Dray et al., 2008, Attane et al., 2010). Its plasma level i

• Testosterone can be converted into estrogens by aromatase ac

  2024-09-19

  

  Testosterone can be converted into estrogens by aromatase action. Aromatase is encoded by CYP19, belongs to cytochrome P450 superfamily, and synthesizes estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) from testosterone and androstenedione respectively (Fig. 1). Aromatase is expressed in the ORS of anagen hair folli

• A unique finding in this study is that

  2024-09-18

  

  A unique finding in this study is that 12/15-LO influences CREB phosphorylation in the murine brain. While previous reports have found that knockout of 5-lipoxygenase, a related enzyme that also uses arachidonic b catenin inhibitor for substrate, can regulate CREB phosphoryation in the context of A

• We also measured macrophage infiltration and

  2024-09-18

  

  We also measured macrophage infiltration and CLS presence in peri-gonadal AT from db/db mice and controls. CLS are morphological features within AT that are accurate indicators of adipocyte death and macrophage infiltration [56]. An earlier study showed that CLS macrophages account for >90% of the t

• The results of cell culture models were further

  2024-09-18

  

  The results of cell culture models were further supported by in vivo studies in mice treated with PXR and/or AhR agonists, PCN and β-NF. In these mice, AhR-regulated cyp1a1, and cyp1a2 were suppressed by PXR activation as determined by real time Q-PCR (Fig. 3). The level of PXR mRNA was not changed

• In a recent series of

  2024-09-18

  

  In a recent series of studies from our laboratory, to characterize the contractile systems within the rat Azimilide wall, three conditions were identified that led to detrusor activity: spontaneous micro-contractions, electrical field stimulated (EFS) contractions and muscarinic agonist induced con

• The cellular mechanism underlying the CGS mediated inhibitio

  2024-09-18

  

  The cellular mechanism underlying the CGS12066-mediated inhibition of glutamate release from hippocampal nerve terminals through presynaptic 5-HT1B receptors remains to be elucidated. 5-HT1B receptors are coupled to PTX-sensitive G proteins (Gi or Go) that have been shown to inhibit AC activity as w

• NLX a k a F or befiradol exhibits nanomolar

  2024-09-18

  

  NLX-112 (a.k.a. F13640 or befiradol), exhibits nanomolar affinity at 5-HT1A receptors, and, in histone methyltransferase to the 5-HT1A receptor agonists listed above, it presents exceptional selectivity and high efficacy at these receptors (Colpaert et al., 2002, Newman-Tancredi et al., 2017). Addi

• gsk3beta receptor br Introduction Epilepsy is characterized

  2024-09-18

  

  Introduction Epilepsy is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures and represents one of the most frequent neurological diseases affecting about 60 million people worldwide (McNamara, 1999). It is estimated that up to 50% of all cases are triggered by “initial precipitating injuries”, such

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2024-09-18

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Recent studies have highlighted TCS 2002 and autophagy as novel targets for the treatment of liver fibrosis [7,14]. In this study, we demonstrated that catalpol protected the rat liver from CCl4-caused injury and fibrogenesis in vivo and in vitro for

• The amino hydroxy methyl isoxazolepropionic

  2024-09-18

  

  The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic UNC669 (AMPA) receptor is also enriched in postsynaptic striatal neurons (Bernard et al., 1997, Kondo et al., 2000, Reimers et al., 2011). Its activity is subjected to the regulation by a mechanism involving phosphorylation (Lu and Roche, 2012). F

• We also showed that steatosis induced an additional increase

  2024-09-18

  

  We also showed that steatosis induced an additional increase of ASK1 activation that was associated to the exacerbation of hepatocyte and liver damage and was unrelated to ER stress. Indeed, several settings, also different to ER stress, can induce ASK1 activation and many of them involve oxidative

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