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Several recent reviews have appeared covering
2019-12-27
Several recent reviews have appeared covering different aspects of the sPLA2 family of enzymes, including sPLA2-V, and the interested reader is kindly directed to these for specific details [34,[135], [136], [137]]. It is important to remark here, however, that recent studies on sPLA2-V suggest that
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Enolases are among the most abundantly
2019-12-27
Enolases are among the most abundantly expressed cytosolic proteins. They are metalloenzymes that catalyze the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate [18]. Eubacteria and archaebacteria have a single enolase gene (reviewed in [19]). Despite the lack of signal peptides or cognate pro
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In principle in vitro techniques for assessing
2019-12-27
In principle, in vitro techniques for assessing enzyme induction might include the use of cultured hepatocytes, precision-cut liver slices, immortalized DMAP lines (such as those derived from hepatomas) and reporter gene constructs (where appropriate cells are transfected with recombinant DNA encodi
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During the host response to inflammation inflammatory mediat
2019-12-27
During the host response to inflammation, inflammatory mediators, including release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, have been associated with altered content, expression, and activity of CYP450 enzymes, consequently leading to alterations in the metabolism and elimination of certain drugs. The losses
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In the present study we implemented the dendritic
2019-12-26
In the present study, we implemented the dendritic RCA-induced formation of amplifying DNAzyme catalytic labels strategy for sensitive and accurate assay of MTase activity and the detection of DNA methylation. In comparison with the traditional RCA process, the proposed strategy achieved high amplif
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Most of the amino acid residues contacting the
2019-12-26
Most of the amino Solithromycin residues contacting the substrate are within the nucleotide-recognition lid (mauve or magenta in Fig. 4A). Two particularly important residues, W69 and Y76, are conserved in eubacteria and in some but not all of eight human AlkB homologs [52], [76] (Fig. 4B). The tryp
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In laboratory strains of Escherichia coli three mechanisms o
2019-12-26
In laboratory strains of Escherichia coli, three mechanisms of repair for alkylated bases are known. The first involves constitutively expressed Ogt and inducible Ada methyltransferases, directly removing methyl groups from O6-methylguanine (O6meG) and O4-methylthymine (O4meT) [1], [2], [3], [4]. In
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cAMP mediated signaling pathways are
2019-12-26
cAMP-mediated signaling pathways are important for maintaining metabolic homeostasis, and the effects of the glucagon/catecholamine–cAMP–PKA axis on energy balance have been well documented [20]. For example, Flutamide of the PKA 2β regulatory subunit (RIIβ) in mice leads to increased expression of
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br Acknowledgements br Introduction Endothelial
2019-12-26
Acknowledgements Introduction Endothelial gip receptor constitute a unique source of humoral factors that may regulate the functions of other cell types via paracrine or endocrine pathways [1]. Among the many molecules originated from the endothelium, nitric oxide (NO) plays versatile roles i
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From a mechanistic standpoint the BCL RD
2019-12-26
From a mechanistic standpoint, the BCL6 RD2 domain represses the GPR183 and S1PR1 loci by recruiting HDAC2, but not MTA3-NuRD, to suppress the enhancer activation mark H3K27ac at their distal regulatory elements. However, these data do not exclude the possibility that other as yet unknown corepresso
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Pancuronium dibromide As mentioned above EBI and its ligand
2019-12-26
As mentioned above, EBI2 and its ligand show some similarities to the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P-receptor system, which mediates T cell egress from lymph nodes. Blockade of this system yielded in the first oral drug for MS patients named fingolimod. Therefore, the hope that EBI2 deficiency wo
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br Acknowledgments We thank our colleagues who have
2019-12-26
Acknowledgments We thank our colleagues who have contributed to our understanding of the gpr55 agonist and the structure and function of APC/C, and apologize to those whose work we were unable to cite here. We thank J. Rajan Prabu for making the movies showing APC/C conformational changes. Our w
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These data from developing brain are in contrast to noradren
2019-12-26
These data from developing KPT-335 are in contrast to noradrenergic receptor regulation in the adult brain. In adult animals, a persistent increase in the α2-AR high affinity state is elicited as a result of DSP-4 lesion or reserpinization, as measured by [3H]clonidine binding to membrane preparati
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Since the initial identification of DNA ligase inhibitors
2019-12-26
Since the initial identification of DNA ligase inhibitors by a structure-based approach [[18], [26]], there have been several reports describing LigI inhibitors using computer modelling and derivatives of the original DNA ligase inhibitors [[49], [50], [51]]. While these studies have shown that the
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br Introduction Plasmodium falciparum malaria continues to b
2019-12-26
Introduction Plasmodium falciparum malaria continues to be a major global cause of mortality and morbidity. Malaria treatment and control has been complicated by the emergence of resistance to widespread antimalarial drug use. The most common method for measuring antimalarial resistance is estima
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