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How does the ATM to ATR switch occur
2023-07-01
How does the ATM-to-ATR switch occur at DSBs? The progressive attenuation of ATM activation could be attributed to the loss of DNA structures that activate ATM, or to the generation of DNA structures that interfere with ATM activation. Our finding that SSOs do not directly affect the binding of puri
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br Acknowledgments br Introduction Amyloid
2023-06-26
Acknowledgments Introduction Amyloid deposit formation is defined by the aggregation of β-sheeted forms of proteins that appear as starch-like amorphous material [1], [2]. Using a Kongo red stain, amyloids show birefringence behavior and an apple-green to reddish multicolor emission. Extracere
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At the top of the S subsite cylinder
2023-06-25
At the top of the S1 subsite cylinder are two “cap” residues: E572 and M1034 [13]. Atomic structures of PfA-M1 have revealed important clues into potential roles for the cap residues in substrate selection. In the PfA-M1:bestatin co-crystal structure ([13]; Fig. 1), the P1 phenyl ring occupies the S
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There are several strengths and weaknesses of the current
2023-06-21
There are several strengths and weaknesses of the current investigation which merit consideration. Obviously, the current findings are important and less prone to bias than findings from traditional observational epidemiological studies, because causal investigations with the use of genetic variants
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Cancer stem cells CSCs may have been first identified
2023-06-20
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may have been first identified in teratocarcinomas [11], [12], with its initial clues date back to the 19th century [13]. Kleinsmith and Pierce [12] established the immortal pluripotent teratocarcinoma lines from a single transplanted multi-potent malignant cell, strongly su
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It thus appeared reasonable that AR needed
2023-06-20
It thus appeared reasonable that AR needed to be inhibited and great experimental efforts began which are still on-going [6]. Indeed, hundreds of ARIs have been characterized but no significant drug development has followed. The case of Sorbinil, which did not pass clinical trials is emblematic [7]
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AdipoR and AdipoR have been reported to be present in
2023-06-19
AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 have been reported to be present in almost all type of tissues and low HBC levels have been observed in white adipose tissue (Inukai et al., 2005). These receptors have been observed to become deregulated with the onset of obesity, resulting in a reduced level of APN expression
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Further evidence for ACh GABA cotransmission had also been o
2023-06-15
Further evidence for ACh/GABA cotransmission had also been observed in the cortex. Extensive axonal arborization from cholinergic BF neurons exists throughout the cortical layers, allowing direct observation of cholinergic synaptic terminals. One study in the visual cortex of cat examined immunolabe
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The first rationally designed dual mPGES
2023-06-14
The first rationally designed dual mPGES-1/5-LO inhibitor was reported in 2008 and represents a structural derivative of pirinixic GSK 2830371 mg - a synthetic agonist of PPARα with lipid-lowering properties (Koeberle et al., 2008b). Further α-alkyl- and α-aryl-substituted derivatives have been syn
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In many cells AR mediated activation
2023-06-13
In many GSK 2830371 mg α1-AR mediated activation of PLC has been shown to be the downstream process for NA-induced signalling. The activated PLC initiates subsequent signalling by breakdown of PIP2 to IP3 and DAG (Fisher and Agranoff, 1987) and the process continues. To confirm if such mechanism ex
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Recent findings imply that proper Na K ATPase function is
2023-06-13
Recent findings imply, that proper Na+/K+-ATPase function is crucial for unimpaired development of the vertebrate heart. Targeted knockout of Na+/K+-ATPase α1 in mice led to early embryonic lethality whereas heterozygous knockout mice displayed severe hypocontractile hearts [52]. Pharmacological inh
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Human hepatocyte transplantation resulted in some animals wi
2023-06-09
Human hepatocyte transplantation resulted in some animals with relatively sparse repopulation while others had >90% of their liver containing human hepatocytes. The presence of circulating human albumin varied based on the amount of repopulation as the degree of humanization is reported to correlate
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As regards LEPR Sun et al showed that
2023-06-08
As regards LEPR, Sun et al. showed that the rs1137101-223A > G polymorphism influences the effectiveness of simvastatin on plasma HDL-C levels in CHD patients [35]. In accordance with the results of García-Bermúdez et al., however, no such an association exists between leptin rs2167270 (G > A) polym
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An in vitro assay in
2023-06-07
An in vitro assay in which endothelial cells form 3D tube-like structures was used to investigate effects of dNK on vessel stability. The results indicate that dNK cells from women with high spiral artery resistance index had reduced ability to activate endothelial cells, since endothelial cells pre
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Despite clear evidence of a causative role for A in
2023-06-06
Despite clear evidence of a causative role for Aβ in AD, Aβ-mediated toxicity alone is insufficient to explain all facets of fully manifested AD. Indeed, a recent report found that two familial AD mutations in PSEN1, PSEN-L435F and PSEN-C410Y, resulted in a dysfunctional protein that does not cleave
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